Pengaruh Penggunaan Aplikasi Mobile dalam Meningkatkan Kesehatan Fisik dan Pengelolaan Stres di Kalangan Mahasiswa
Keywords:
aplikasi mobile, kesehatan fisik, pengelolaan stres, mahasiswa, gamifikasi, Technology Acceptance ModelAbstract
Kesehatan fisik dan pengelolaan stres merupakan dua dimensi kesejahteraan yang saling berkaitan dan secara langsung memengaruhi performa akademik serta kualitas hidup mahasiswa. Meskipun berbagai studi telah mendokumentasikan manfaat teknologi mobile dalam konteks kesehatan, belum terdapat bukti empiris yang cukup mengenai efektivitas platform terpadu yang mengintegrasikan pelacakan kebugaran fisik dan pengelolaan stres secara bersamaan dalam satu aplikasi di kalangan mahasiswa pendidikan jasmani di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh penggunaan aplikasi mobile terintegrasi tersebut terhadap peningkatan kesehatan fisik dan penurunan tingkat stres mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Jasmani, Kesehatan, dan Rekreasi, Universitas Negeri Makassar. Penelitian menggunakan desain kuasi-eksperimental dengan pendekatan mixed-methods, melibatkan 250 mahasiswa yang dibagi secara proporsional menjadi kelompok perlakuan (n=125) dan kelompok kontrol (n=125) melalui purposive sampling. Kelompok perlakuan menggunakan aplikasi mobile selama delapan minggu, dengan fitur utama meliputi AI-driven personal training, pelacakan aktivitas berbasis wearable, gamifikasi, dan teknik relaksasi berbasis panduan digital. Kelompok kontrol menjalani program kebugaran konvensional tanpa bantuan aplikasi. Instrumen pengukuran mencakup Kuesioner Aktivitas Fisik (15 item), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), dan Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), serta log penggunaan aplikasi otomatis. Validitas instrumen dikonfirmasi melalui uji Pearson (r>0,30) dan reliabilitas melalui uji Cronbach’s Alpha (α=0,87 untuk PSS; α=0,89 untuk DASS-21). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji independent samples t-test, analisis regresi linear berganda, dan analisis tematik untuk data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan skor kesehatan fisik yang signifikan pada kelompok perlakuan (pre: 5,0±0,8; post: 7,0±0,6; p<0,001; d=2,74) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (pre: 5,2±0,7; post: 5,4±0,7; p=0,21). Tingkat stres kelompok perlakuan menurun secara signifikan dari 4,7±0,9 menjadi 3,0±0,7 (p<0,001; d=2,09). Analisis regresi mengidentifikasi frekuensi penggunaan aplikasi (β=0,47; p<0,001), fitur gamifikasi (β=0,31; p<0,01), dan literasi digital (β=0,22; p<0,05) sebagai prediktor signifikan peningkatan kesehatan fisik (R²=0,61). Temuan kualitatif memperkuat hasil kuantitatif: mahasiswa melaporkan peningkatan motivasi, kemandirian dalam mengelola kesehatan, dan berkurangnya kecemasan akademik. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi empiris dan teoritis dengan memvalidasi Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) dan Self-Determination Theory (SDT) dalam konteks adopsi teknologi kesehatan di lingkungan kampus, sekaligus menegaskan bahwa aplikasi mobile terpersonalisasi merupakan solusi intervensi yang efektif untuk mendukung kesejahteraan holistik mahasiswa.
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