Adaptasi Budaya dalam Pernikahan Antar Etnis (Studi Kasus Komunikasi Antarbudaya pada Perempuan Lampung Pepadun di Kecamatan Natar, Lampung Selatan)

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis proses adaptasi budaya perempuan Lampung Pepadun dalam pernikahan antar etnis di Kecamatan Natar, Lampung Selatan. Penelitian difokuskan pada fase-fase adaptasi budaya yang dialami perempuan Lampung Pepadun yang menikah dengan laki-laki dari etnis Jawa dan Palembang. Latar belakang penelitian didasari oleh fenomena tingginya pernikahan antar etnis di Kecamatan Natar, terutama di RT 03 Desa Merak Batin dengan 24 pasangan antar etnis, serta kesenjangan penelitian yang belum mengkaji secara mendalam proses adaptasi budaya berbasis tahapan Kim Young Yun pada konteks masyarakat desa di Lampung Selatan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan desain studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi non-partisipan (7 kali), wawancara semi terstruktur dengan 22 informan (1 informan kunci, 10 informan utama, dan 11 informan pendukung), serta dokumentasi. Keabsahan data dijaga melalui triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh informan mengalami lima fase adaptasi budaya Kim Young Yun: perencanaan, ketertarikan, kesulitan, penyesuaian, dan penerimaan, meskipun intensitas fase kesulitan bervariasi antar individu. Tiga dari sepuluh pasangan (AK, NB, YL) tidak menunjukkan fase kesulitan yang menonjol, mengindikasikan bahwa karakteristik pasangan dan keterbukaan keluarga memengaruhi kemudahan adaptasi. Hambatan komunikasi mencakup perbedaan gaya penyampaian pesan (rinci vs. singkat), perbedaan kebiasaan keluarga, rasa canggung dengan keluarga suami, dan kesulitan memahami proses adat angkon. Temuan penting penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adaptasi budaya tidak hanya bergantung pada istri, tetapi juga membutuhkan keterbukaan suami dan penerimaan aktif dari keluarga besar. Implikasi penelitian ini memberikan kerangka pemahaman bagi pasangan antar etnis tentang pentingnya komunikasi terbuka, musyawarah keluarga, dan sikap saling menghargai sebagai kunci adaptasi yang berhasil.

 ABSTRACT

This study aims to identify and analyze the process of cultural adaptation of Lampung Pepadun women in interethnic marriages in Natar District, South Lampung. The research focuses on the phases of cultural adaptation experienced by Lampung Pepadun women who marry men from Javanese and Palembang ethnic backgrounds. The study is motivated by the high prevalence of interethnic marriages in Natar District, particularly in RT 03 of Merak Batin Village with 24 interethnic couples, and a research gap in examining cultural adaptation processes based on Kim Young Yun's phases in the context of rural communities in South Lampung. A descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design was employed. Data were collected through non-participant observation (7 times), semi-structured interviews with 22 informants (1 key informant, 10 main informants, and 11 supporting informants), and documentation. Data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman interactive model. Results show that all informants experienced Kim Young Yun's five phases of cultural adaptation: planning, attraction, difficulty, adjustment, and acceptance, although the intensity of the difficulty phase varied among individuals. Three out of ten couples (AK, NB, YL) did not exhibit a prominent difficulty phase, indicating that partner characteristics and family openness influence ease of adaptation. Communication barriers included differences in message delivery styles (detailed vs. concise), differences in family habits, awkwardness with the husband's family, and difficulty understanding the angkon customary process. An important finding is that cultural adaptation does not rest solely on the wife but also requires openness from the husband and active acceptance from the extended family. The implications of this research provide an understanding framework for interethnic couples regarding the importance of open communication, family deliberation, and mutual respect as keys to successful adaptation.